Shell



(ModeL) J. GARRICK.

SHELL.

vNo. 325,166. Patented Aug.'25, 1885.

N. PETERS. Pholo-Uthographv. Washington, a c.

' UNITED STATES T PATENT FHCEO SHELL.

. SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 325,166, dated August 25, 1885.

Application 'filed May 26, 1285. (ModeL) To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH GARRIOK, of Michigan City, in the county of Laporte and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Shot and Shell; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descrip; tion of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to. make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form part of this specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a new and useful improvement in projectiles for breech and muzzle loading cannons and for arms in general to which this improvement may be adapted; and to this end it consists in a projectile consisting of three important and component parts-via, the outer shell oricasing, the inner shell containing the explosive,

and the elongated head or point'constructed to operate as a point for both the outer and inner shells. The metallic outer shell is of cylindrical or other form with a circular flat base. Said base is provided with a small metallic cone-shaped point or cutter upon its inner central surface, the object of which is to act as a percutient for the end of the percussion cartridge projecting through the base of the inner shell when said shell is forced against this point, in a manner to be hereinafter described. Near the top edge of this shell, and upon its inner circular surface, there is made a curved annulus or recess adapted to receive the outer neck upon the elongated body of the double-acting shell-head, and act as a seat or lodgment therefor. The inner shell is of a complete cylindrical form and fits easily within the outer shell, so that any inflamma ble material can be placed around the outside of the inner shell within the outer one, and said shell is held in a central position by a small neck upon the elongated body of the not of a uniform diameter owing to the fact that it is provided with two curved ridges or necks-a larger and smaller one-one for the outer and the other for the inner shell. These necks are adjacent to each other on the body of the head, but with the larger ridge nearer to the point proper.

When my shell is designed for large ordnance, I provide screw-threads upon the outer neck or ridge, so as to render the shells perfectly secure and tight; but these threads are unnecessary when the projectile is used for smaller arms, as the necks can be pressed in with a press or otherwise.

The abovementioned head is preferably madewith a chamber within its elongated body, as will be seen in the illustration, the object of the said chamber being to contain an explosive when used for ordnance or heavy guns, the operation of which willbe more fully explained; but when the projectile is used for smaller arms the chamber is plugged up with a block of wood so as to lighten the head.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of my improved projectile, showing the head or point secured to the outer shell by screwt-hreads as designed for ordnanee. Fig. 2 is a seetionalview of the projectiles case having the shell inserted therein. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the projectile when used for small arms. Fig. 4 is an elevation of the parts when separated. 1

Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.

A designates the elongated double-acting head or point; B, the outer shell or casing, and G the inner shell.

D represents the chamber or receptacle, con structed within the body G of the head A, into which is introduced the explosive when used for ordnance. It is separated (when in position) from the inner shell by the metallic plug 6. The necks or ridges E F are used without scrcwthreads b in small'arms, as before explained; but the threads 12 serve to secure the heads and the shells B 0 together when designed for ordnance.

On the bottom of the outside surface of the base of the outer shell I place or secure a flexible material, 5 the object of which is to deaden the shock between the two shells when the gun is discharged. a is the cone-shaped cutter, which is adapted to strike and cut the end of the percnssioncartridge f, which projects through the circular recess or hole (I. When the head or point A strikes the desired object, the head is forced back and the necks or ridges E F break through their seats in the shells B G and force the inner shell against said cutter, which explodes the powerful explosive inside the body of the inner shell. Then the explosive in the chamber D of the double-acting head is ignited and gives the said head an additional impetus. The cartridge f is provided with a small hole inside of the shell to hold the percussion.

Particular attention is called to the manner of charging the shell, which, if not properly done, impairs the value and effect as a merchantable article, and also endangers the cf fectiveness and operation of the projectile. Before the projectile is charged it is first tested by hydraulic pressure to discover if it is perfectlyimpervious to the resistance of the gases of the explosives employed in discharging the gun.

The manner of charging the shells is briefly stated as follows: The end of the percussioncartridge is first inserted through the circular aperture in the base of the inner shell, and the cartridge has its inside end hermetically sealed. Then gunpowder is poured in around the cartridge to a certain height above the cartridge-hole, and layers of' flexible material placed upon the top of the powder, then the gun-cotton or other powerful explosive, then another layer of flexible material, and, lastly, a layer of powder,with a flexible packing upon the top of that. Then the elongated shellhead having its chamber charged with an explosive and plugged up, as previously explained, is inserted in the shell and presses against the top layer of the flexible cushion.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. The combination of the outer shell having cone-shaped cutter on the inner central surface of its base, the inner shell carrying the explosive and having percussion-primer opposite the center, and the head or point A,

which serves the purpose of holding the shells centrally together, and also of discharging the inner shell by forcing it against the cutter, as hereinbefore described.

. 2. The combination of the outer shell, the cutter on the inner central surface of the base of the outer shell, the head or point which serves to hold the inner shell within the outer one, the inner shell inclosed within the shell B, and the percussion-primer inserted within a central opening in the base of the inner shell and opposite the cutter, as set forth.

3. The outer shell provided with cone cutter upon the central surface of its base and an annular chair or seat near its top, in combination with the inner shell having a percussion-primer in its base and the head or point, as set forth.

4. The combination of the outer shell, the cutter, and an annular chairorseat forthelarger ridge of the point, with the inner shell containing the explosive and provided with a percussion-primer, with the head or point, said point having a chamber in its body and carrying a charge whichis designed to explode and operate after that of the inner shell, as set forth and explained.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH GA BRICK.

Witnesses:

' O. E. DUFFY,

F. R. HARDING. 

